Boeing 747 Engine Start and Ignition System boeing 747 pilot training course

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Engine Start and Ignition System
The engines can be started using the autostart system or manually. Autostart is the normal starting mode. During autostart, the EEC sequences start valve, engine fuel valve, and igniter operation. Selecting OFF on the Autostart switch disables autostart and allows manual, pilot–monitored, starting. During manual start, the flight crew sequences the operation of the start valve, engine fuel valve, and the Selected igniter.
Air from the bleed air duct powers the starter motor, which is connected to the N2 rotor. The starter air source is normally the APU, but air from ground carts or another running engine can be used.

Start Indications
Start indicators display with engine indications when an engine is shutdown. A start limit displays on the EGT indication when the Fuel Control switch is in CUTOFF. It remains displayed until the engine stabilizes at idle. The EGT
indication changes color to red if the EGT start limit is reached. A fuel-on
indicator displays on the N2 indication when the Fuel Control switch is in
CUTOFF. The fuel-on indicator displays the minimum N2 RPM at which the Fuel
Control switch should be moved from CUTOFF to RUN.
An in-flight start envelope displays on primary EICAS and the secondary engine
indications display when a Fuel Control switch is moved to CUTOFF in flight.
The in-flight start envelope displays the airspeed range to ensure an in-flight at the current flight level. If the current flight level is greater than the maximum start altitude, the maximum start altitude and related airspeed range display. X-BLD
displays next to the N2 indication if crossbleed air is necessary for start.

Autostart
Autostart allows the EEC to control fuel and ignition and automatically abort the
start for certain malfunctions. Pushing the Autostart switch ON arms autostart.
Pulling the Start switch out (held out by a solenoid) arms the start valve and opens
the engine bleed air valve. Moving the Fuel Control switch to RUN initiates the
autostart sequence.
The EEC opens the start valve and the Start light illuminates. At a predetermined N2, the EEC opens the fuel metering valve and energizes the selected igniter. One igniter is normally selected for ground start, while two igniters are selected for in-flight start.
Starter cutout occurs at 50% N2 RPM. At starter cutout, the Start switch is
released to the in position, the start and engine bleed air valves close, the Start light extinguishes, and ignition discontinues.
During autostart, the EEC monitors EGT and N2 RPM until the engine stabilizes
at idle.

Ground Autostart
During ground start, the autostart system monitors engine parameters and aborts
the start for any of the following malfunctions:
Note: The autostart system does not monitor oil pressure or N1 rotation.
If the EEC detects no EGT rise, it cuts off fuel and ignition. The engine motors for
30 seconds. The EEC applies fuel and ignition to both igniters for another attempt.
The EEC makes three attempts before aborting the autostart sequence. The engine motors for 30 seconds before the start and bleed air valves close.
If there is an EGT rise, but the EEC detects an impending hot start or a hung start
before starter cutout, it cuts off fuel, adjusts the fuel schedule, then reapplies fuel for another attempt. The EEC makes three attempts before aborting the autostart sequence. Fuel and ignition are cut off. The engine motors for 30 seconds before the start and bleed air valves close.
If the EEC detects an impending hot start or a hung start after starter cutout, the
autostart sequence is aborted immediately. The engine does not motor.
In-flight Autostart During in-flight flameout and/or start, the EEC reacts to a hung start or to EGT reaching the takeoff limit. The crew reacts to a hot start or no EGT rise. If the EEC detects the EGT reaching the takeoff limit or a hung start, it cuts off and then reapplies fuel. The EEC allows the EGT to increase past the ground/single engine in-flight start limit to the takeoff limit before cutting off fuel. The autostart
sequence is not automatically aborted. The EEC continues making start attempts
until the engine stabilizes at idle or the Fuel Control switch is moved to CUTOFF.
Manual Start The Autostart switch must be OFF to accomplish a manual start. The start is accomplished in accordance with the Manual Engine Start procedure. Ignition and fuel are provided as soon as the Fuel Control switch is positioned to RUN. The start must be monitored until the engine stabilizes at idle.

Engine Ignition
Each engine has two igniters. The igniters operate separately or together as
selected by the Auto Ignition selector and the EEC.
Ignition is selected for each engine when the related Start switch is out, nacelle
anti-ice is on, or a flameout is detected. Ignition is selected for all engines when
trailing edge flaps are out of the up position or the Continuous Ignition switch is ON. When ignition is selected, the selected igniter on each engine energizes when the related Fuel Control switch is in RUN and, during autostart, when commanded by the EEC. The selected igniter deenergizes when the Fuel Control switch is placed in CUTOFF.
The AC power system is the normal power source for ignition. The standby power system provides a backup source. When the Standby Ignition selector is in
NORM, the AC power system supplies power to the selected igniters. If the AC
power system is not powered, the standby power system supplies power
continuously to both igniters. When the Standby Ignition selector is in 1 or 2, the
standby power system supplies power continuously to the related igniter
regardless of Auto Ignition selector position or EEC selection.

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CLICK 👉 BOEING 747 CHECKLIST

CLICK 👉 Exterior Inspection

CLICK 👉 Preflight Procedure – First Officer

CLICK 👉 Preflight Procedure – Captain

CLICK 👉 Before Start Procedure

CLICK 👉 After Landing Procedure

CLICK 👉 Shutdown Procedure

CLICK 👉 Secure Procedure

CLICK 👉 Revision Highlights

CLICK 👉 Operating Instructions

CLICK 👉 Operations Manual Information

CLICK 👉 Autopilot Flight Director System and Flight

CLICK 👉 CDU Operation

CLICK 👉 Lighting Systems

CLICK 👉 Flight Deck Lighting

CLICK 👉 Cabin Signs

CLICK 👉 Emergency Lighting

CLICK 👉 Oxygen Systems

CLICK 👉 Flight Crew Oxygen System

CLICK 👉 Passenger Oxygen System

CLICK 👉 Portable Oxygen Bottles

CLICK 👉 Miscellaneous Emergency Equipment

CLICK 👉 Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs)

CLICK 👉 Flight Deck Door

CLICK 👉 Passenger Entry Doors

CLICK 👉 Passenger Entry Door 1, 2, 4, and 5 Slide/Raft Operation

CLICK 👉 Securing Main Deck Doors 1, 2, 4, or 5 In The Open Position

CLICK 👉 Passenger Door 3

CLICK 👉 Upper Deck Doors

CLICK 👉 Flight Deck Overhead Hatch

CLICK 👉 Emergency Escape Devices

CLICK 👉 Cargo Doors

CLICK 👉 Door 5 Overhead Crew Rest

CLICK 👉 Evacuation Using Emergency Escape Hatch

CLICK 👉 Air Conditioning System Description

CLICK 👉 Air Conditioning Packs

CLICK 👉 Pack Non–Normal Operation

CLICK 👉 Air Distribution

CLICK 👉 Lavatory and Galley Ventilation

CLICK 👉 Temperature Control

CLICK 👉 Zone Target Temperatures

CLICK 👉 Temperature Control With Loss of Trim Air System

CLICK 👉 Temperature Control Non-Normal Operations

CLICK 👉 Cargo Heat

CLICK 👉 Pilot Auxiliary Heat

CLICK 👉 Equipment Cooling

CLICK 👉 Equipment Cooling Non-Normal Operation

CLICK 👉 Pressurization System Description

CLICK 👉 Pressurization System Automatic Operation

CLICK 👉 Pressurization System Manual Operation

CLICK 👉 Pressurization Relief

CLICK 👉 Engine Bleed Air Supply

CLICK 👉 APU Bleed Air Supply

CLICK 👉 Ground Bleed Air Supply

CLICK 👉 Bleed Air Duct System

CLICK 👉 Duct Leak and Overheat Detection System

CLICK 👉 Bleed Air System Non-normal Operations

CLICK 👉 Automatic Ice Detection System

CLICK 👉 Nacelle Anti–Ice System

CLICK 👉 Nacelle Anti–Ice System Automatic Operation

CLICK 👉 Nacelle Anti–Ice System Manual Operation

CLICK 👉 Nacelle Anti-Ice Non-normal Operation

CLICK 👉 Wing Anti–Ice System

CLICK 👉 Wing Anti–Ice System Automatic Operation

CLICK 👉 Wing Anti–Ice System Manual Operation

CLICK 👉 Flight Deck Window Heat

CLICK 👉 Windshield Air

CLICK 👉 Windshield Wipers and Washers

CLICK 👉 Probe Heat

CLICK 👉 Autopilot Disengagement

CLICK 👉 AFDS Failures

CLICK 👉 Flight Director Display

CLICK 👉 AFDS Flight Mode Annunciations

CLICK 👉 Autothrottle Modes

CLICK 👉 Autothrottle Thrust Lever Operation

CLICK 👉 Autothrottle Disconnect

CLICK 👉 Automatic Flight - Cruise

CLICK 👉 Automatic Flight - Approach and Landing

CLICK 👉 Runway Alignment and Asymmetric Thrust Compensation

CLICK 👉 Automatic Flight - Go–Around

CLICK 👉 Automatic Flight Windshear Recovery

CLICK 👉 Flight Envelope Protection

CLICK 👉 Audio Panels

CLICK 👉 Cockpit Voice Recorder System

CLICK 👉 Radio Tuning Panels

CLICK 👉 Radio Communication System

CLICK 👉 Interphone Communication System

CLICK 👉 Electrical Load Management and Load Shedding

CLICK 👉 AC Electrical System Power Sources

CLICK 👉 Integrated Drive Generators (IDGs)

CLICK 👉 Auxiliary Power (External and APU)

CLICK 👉 AC Main Busses

CLICK 👉 Electrical bus Isolation during Autoland

CLICK 👉 AC Standby Power System

CLICK 👉 Main DC Electrical System

CLICK 👉 Main DC Power Distribution

CLICK 👉 Battery Busses

CLICK 👉 Compact Display Format

CLICK 👉 Partial Display Format

CLICK 👉 Electronic Engine Control (EEC)

CLICK 👉 Engine Start and Ignition System

CLICK 👉 Engine Fuel System

CLICK 👉 Engine Oil System

CLICK 👉 Thrust Reverser System

CLICK 👉 Airborne Vibration Monitoring System

CLICK 👉 Fire Warnings

CLICK 👉 Engine Fire/Overheat Detection

CLICK 👉 APU Fire/Overheat Detection

CLICK 👉 Cargo Compartment Fire Detection

CLICK 👉 Fire and Overheat Detection System Automatic Fault Test

CLICK 👉 Fire and Overheat Detection System Manual Fault Test

CLICK 👉 Squib Test

CLICK 👉 Elevator Control

CLICK 👉 Stabilizer Trim

CLICK 👉 Trim Control

CLICK 👉 Stabilizer Trim Position Indication and Greenband

CLICK 👉 Stabilizer Trim Cutout

CLICK 👉 Trimming with Autopilots Engaged

CLICK 👉 Aileron and Spoiler Roll Control

CLICK 👉 Aileron Trim

CLICK 👉 Rudder Control and Trim

CLICK 👉 Rudder Ratio Changers

CLICK 👉 Yaw Dampers

CLICK 👉 Spoilers

CLICK 👉 Speed Brakes

CLICK 👉 Ground Spoilers

CLICK 👉 Flaps

CLICK 👉 Flap Control

CLICK 👉 Flap Sequencing

CLICK 👉 Flap Load Relief

CLICK 👉 Flap Indications

CLICK 👉 Flight Management Computer

CLICK 👉 Actual Navigation Performance

CLICK 👉 Required Navigation Performance

CLICK 👉 Manually Entered Airway Crossing Waypoints

CLICK 👉 Speed/Altitude Constraints

CLICK 👉 Fuel Monitoring

CLICK 👉 Loss of FMC Electrical Power

CLICK 👉 Single FMC Failure

CLICK 👉 Dual FMC Failure

CLICK 👉 Alternate Navigation Waypoints

CLICK 👉 Alternate Lateral Navigation

CLICK 👉 Alternate Navigation Radio Tuning

CLICK 👉 Alternate Navigation CDU Pages

CLICK 👉 Fuel System Description

CLICK 👉 Fuel Quantity

CLICK 👉 Fuel Temperature

CLICK 👉 Fuel Pumps

CLICK 👉 Fuel Crossfeed

CLICK 👉 Main Tank 1 and 4Transfer

CLICK 👉 APU Fuel Feed

CLICK 👉 Operation With Fuel in Center Wing Tank

CLICK 👉 Operation With No Fuel in Center Wing Tank

CLICK 👉 Fuel Jettison

CLICK 👉 Hydraulic Systems

CLICK 👉 Fluid Supply

CLICK 👉 Load Assignments

CLICK 👉 Landing Gear System Description

CLICK 👉 Air/Ground Sensing System

CLICK 👉 Landing Gear Operation

CLICK 👉 Landing Gear Retraction

CLICK 👉 Landing Gear Extension

CLICK 👉 Landing Gear Alternate Extension

CLICK 👉 Nose Wheel and Body Gear Steering

CLICK 👉 Brake Torque Limiter

CLICK 👉 Rejected Takeoff

CLICK 👉 Parking Brake

CLICK 👉 Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (EICAS)

CLICK 👉 Traffic Advisories (TA) and Display

CLICK 👉 Proximate Traffic Display

CLICK 👉 Other Traffic Display

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